\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{iftex}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\textwidth=\hsize %necessary to reflow footnotes
%\textheight=\vsize %This line produces errors with maketitle


\title{Implementing Insertions} 
\author{Martin Ruckert}
\date{December 6, 2024} 

\begin{document}

\maketitle

This is an exampledocument, that test various ``insertions''.
Insertions in \TeX\ are parts of a document that can move from
one page to the next if on the present page is not enough
space\footnote{For example this footnote might move to the
next page if there is not enough space on the current page for
all of it.\par
It might even be split across a page boundary if there is some
space left on the current page but not enough to contain the
footnote in its entire length.} left. Typical examples of insertions
are illustrations, figures, or tables. 
But even footnotes\footnote{Like this one.} are ``movable'' parts of a page.

A typical example of an insertion is seen in Figure~1.
In \LaTeX\ the figure uses this code:
\begin{verbatim}
  \begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \caption{The letter A.}
  \includegraphics[height=2in]{A.jpg}
  \end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
while in Hi\TeX\ the following code has a similar effect:
\begin{verbatim}
  \topinsert % \topinsert ... \endinsert
  \leftskip=0pt plus 200fil %centering
  \rightskip=\leftskip %centering
  \parfillskip=0pt\parindent=0pt %centering
  Figure 1: The letter A.\par % caption
  \smallskip
  \leavevmode\HINTimage=A.jpg width 0.9\hsize height 2in\par
  \endinsert
\end{verbatim}

\ifhint
  \topinsert
    \leftskip=0pt plus 200pt\rightskip=\leftskip% centering
    \parfillskip=0pt\parindent=0pt%               centering
     Figure 1: The letter A.\par%                 caption
     \label{letterA}
     \smallskip
     \leavevmode\HINTimage=A.jpg width 0.9\hsize height 2in\par
  \endinsert
\else
  \begin{figure}[t]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[height=2in]{A.jpg}
  \caption{The letter A.}
  \end{figure}
\fi
   
Every insertion belongs to an insertion class identified by a
small number. For example footnotes belong to class \the\footins,
which is defined in the \LaTeX\ code.
The handling of foats in \LaTeX\ is much more complicated, so the
file {\tt hiltxpage.tex} which is included in this file defines
\verb/\topins/ separately\ifhint~(class \the\topins)\fi.
In Hi\TeX, a float is then bracketed between \verb/\topinsert/ and \verb/\endinsert/
and contains vertical mode material. To achive centering,
we use a stretchable \verb/\leftskip/ and \verb/\rightskip/,
go into horizontal mode enter a caption and conclude with a \verb/\par/
This will center the caption and allows it to be broken into several lines
if necessary. A \verb/\smallskip/ separates it from the image.
Because images can be inserted in vertical mode as well as in
horizontal mode, we have to leave the vertical mode before adding
the image and finish the image line again with a \verb/\par/ to center
the image below the caption.

\end{document}               % End of document.